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Swiss-type CNC lathes have become essential for precision turning of small, complex components. As part designs grow more intricate, modern machines integrate multiple axes—particularly the Y2, B, and A axes—to achieve higher productivity, flexibility, and accuracy.
This article explains what each axis does, how they differ, and how they contribute to advanced multi-axis machining.
A Swiss-type lathe (also known as a sliding-headstock lathe) supports the workpiece close to the cutting zone using a guide bushing.
The bar stock moves axially through the spindle while tools cut very close to the support point—delivering superior rigidity, precision, and surface finish, even on long, slender parts.
Traditionally, the main Y-axis controls the front tool post for off-center milling or drilling.
With the introduction of the Y2 axis, the sub-spindle side gains the same motion capability, enabling simultaneous machining on both ends of the part.
Performs back-side milling, drilling, slotting, and tapping.
Allows front and back machining in one cycle, reducing setup time.
Improves productivity by up to 30–40% through parallel operations.
Medical implants, automotive sensor shafts, micro-mechanical parts, and electronic connectors where both ends require complex features.
The B axis is a tilting rotary axis (usually ±90°) that lets the tool approach the workpiece from variable angles.
It enables complex contouring and angled drilling that would otherwise require multiple setups.
Machine angled holes, slots, and surfaces in a single setup.
Combine with the C axis for true 5-axis simultaneous machining.
Eliminate secondary fixtures, maintaining higher concentricity and accuracy.
Aerospace components with intersecting oil passages, medical tools with angled features, and automotive shafts requiring compound angles.
In multi-axis Swiss lathes, the A axis typically refers to a rotational indexing axis—often on the main or sub-spindle.
It provides precise angular positioning or synchronized rotation for complex machining sequences.
Index the part for multi-face milling or drilling.
Enable helical milling, polygon turning, or angular tapping.
Enhance positional accuracy during compound machining.
Hex or octagonal features, spiral grooves, angular holes, or secondary face machining requiring exact indexing.
Feature | Y2 Axis | B Axis | A Axis |
Motion Type | Linear (Y direction on sub-spindle) | Rotary (tilting axis) | Rotary (indexing axis) |
Main Purpose | Back-side machining | Variable-angle cutting | Angular indexing |
Control | Independent from Y1 | Programmable tilt | Programmable rotation |
Benefits | Parallel machining, time savings | 5-axis flexibility | Multi-face precision machining |
When combined, these three axes transform a Swiss lathe into a fully integrated multi-axis machining center, capable of complete “done-in-one” production—from turning and milling to angled drilling and threading—in a single setup.
Higher productivity through simultaneous operations
Improved part accuracy and reduced runout
Greater process flexibility for complex geometries
Fewer setups and fixtures, lowering total cost per part
With Y2, B, and A axes, Swiss CNC lathes deliver unmatched versatility—ideal for industries demanding micron-level precision and short cycle times.
As component designs evolve toward miniaturization and complexity, multi-axis Swiss CNC lathes have become the backbone of precision manufacturing.
The integration of Y2, B, and A axes enables complete machining in one setup, combining speed, precision, and flexibility—helping manufacturers meet the strictest quality and efficiency standards.
